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Liquidity Planning

Liquidity planning answers one question. On the worst plausible day in the next twelve months, will the cash be there? That is a different question from whether the business is profitable, and a different question from what the weekly forecast says. It is about the size of the buffer you hold, the headroom left on your facilities, and what you would do if both came under pressure.

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8 things this engagement covers, and a 9-step process.

Who it is for

Who this is for.

  • 8 things this engagement covers, listed below with what each one includes.
  • A 9-step process, the same one on every engagement.
  • 6 questions answered on this page.

Overview

Most businesses discover their liquidity policy the first time they need one. Cash is watched closely when it is tight and loosely when it is not, the revolver is drawn when payroll is close, and nobody has agreed what balance is low enough to act on. That works until a large customer pays late in the same month a tax payment and a capital commitment both land.

Finalert helps you set that buffer deliberately, measure how much room is left on your borrowing and your covenants, and write down the actions you would take at each level of stress. The point is that when a squeeze arrives, the decisions have already been thought through and nobody is improvising in a board meeting.

A liquidity plan replaces that with numbers people agreed in advance. A minimum operating balance based on your actual outflow pattern, not a round number. Runway measured against a downside case rather than the plan. Known headroom on every facility. Covenant ratios tested forward rather than at the quarter end. And a short list of levers, in the order you would pull them.

Liquidity planning is the policy layer that sits above cash forecasting. A forecast tells you what the balance is likely to be. A liquidity plan tells you how much you have decided to keep, how much borrowing capacity you are holding in reserve, how close you are to the limits in your loan agreements, and what happens when any of those move against you. Finalert helps you set those numbers, monitor them, and write them into something your board and your lender can read.

We start by measuring what the business actually consumes. Weekly outflow at its peak, not its average. The payroll dates, tax dates and debt service dates that cannot move. Seasonal working capital swings. Concentration in your receivables, because one slow payer can matter more than a bad month. Out of that comes a minimum operating balance and a buffer above it, both expressed as a number of weeks of outflow so they stay meaningful as the business grows.

Buffers, headroom and covenants

Your buffer policy sets three levels: the balance you plan to hold, the level at which the finance team acts, and the level at which the decision goes to leadership. Each level has actions attached to it. Facility headroom is tracked alongside it, so you know at any point how much of your revolver or line is genuinely available after borrowing base limits, outstanding letters of credit and any blocked amounts are taken into account.

Covenants are tested forward rather than discovered at the reporting date. We model the ratios in your loan agreements against your plan and against a downside case, and show the month where headroom is thinnest. If a covenant looks tight, the conversation with your lender happens months ahead with a proposal attached, which is a materially different conversation from the one that starts after a breach has already been reported.

Levers and funding options

When pressure arrives, the useful thing is a ranked list of actions with the cash each one releases and the time it takes. A collections push on the ten largest overdue accounts. Payment timing moved within terms rather than beyond them. Deferring or staging capital spend. Slowing discretionary hiring. Reviewing inventory commitments. We size each lever for your business so the list is a plan rather than a set of general suggestions.

Funding options are mapped against the same calendar: what facility capacity exists, what an increase would require, what asset-based or receivables financing would look like, and how long each takes to arrange. Lead time is the whole point, because the cheapest funding is arranged before it is needed. Finalert prepares the analysis and runs the process; your leadership owns the decisions and any agreement with a lender. We do not sign filings, issue audit or attest opinions, give legal advice, or act as your accountant of record.

What you get

What the engagement covers.

8 items

  • Minimum cash buffer policy

    A defined operating balance and buffer sized on your peak weekly outflow and fixed payment dates, expressed in weeks of cover so it stays meaningful as the business grows.

  • Runway measured on downside

    Months of cover calculated against a downside case rather than the plan, updated on a set cycle, with the assumptions that drive the number stated alongside it.

  • Facility headroom tracking

    What is genuinely available on each line after borrowing base limits, letters of credit and blocked amounts, tracked so the figure you rely on is the drawable one.

  • Covenant headroom monitoring

    The ratios in your loan agreements modeled forward against plan and downside, with the tightest month identified before it arrives rather than reported after it has passed.

  • Trigger levels and actions

    Three defined balance levels, each with named actions and a named decision maker, so a falling balance produces a response instead of a meeting about whether to respond.

  • Ranked liquidity levers

    Collections, payment timing, capital deferral and discretionary spend each sized for the cash they release and the days they take, listed in the order you would use them.

  • Funding options map

    Facility increases, asset-based lending, receivables financing and equity mapped against your calendar, with the lead time, the likely conditions and the documentation each one would require.

  • Written liquidity policy

    A short document stating the buffer, the triggers, the levers, who decides what and how often the policy is reviewed, in a form your board and your lender can read.

How it runs

How the work runs.

Setting a liquidity policy takes a few weeks of analysis and one or two decision sessions with your leadership. After that it runs as a monitoring routine. The steps below are the order we work in.

  1. 01

    Cash profile analysis

    We measure your peak weekly outflow, fixed payment dates, seasonal swings and receivable concentration from ledger history, so the policy is built on your pattern rather than a benchmark.

  2. 02

    Facility and agreement review

    Every loan, line and lease agreement is read for limits, borrowing base mechanics, covenants, reporting obligations and anything that restricts drawing when you would most want to.

  3. 03

    Downside case build

    A defined stress case is set with your leadership: slower collections, weaker revenue, and any customer or supplier concentration risk you consider realistic for your business.

  4. 04

    Buffer and trigger proposal

    We propose the minimum balance, the buffer above it, and the three trigger levels with actions attached, each one supported by the numbers that sit behind it.

  5. 05

    Covenant forward testing

    Ratios are modeled month by month against plan and downside, and the thinnest point of headroom in the next four to eight quarters is identified and flagged.

  6. 06

    Sizing each liquidity lever

    Each action available in a squeeze is quantified for cash released and days required, then ranked, so the response list is ordered before anybody needs to use it.

  7. 07

    Funding options mapping

    Available and potential funding is laid out against the calendar with lead times, likely conditions and the documentation each route would require from your finance team.

  8. 08

    Policy sign-off by leadership

    The buffer, triggers, levers and review cycle are approved by your leadership and written into a short policy document that names the owners and the dates.

  9. 09

    Ongoing monitoring and reporting

    On an agreed cycle we report balance against trigger levels, drawable facility headroom and covenant position, and flag any level that has been crossed since the last report.

Our approach

How we approach it.

Liquidity work is only useful if the numbers are honest and the actions are agreed before they are needed. These are the principles we hold to when setting a policy that has to survive a genuinely bad quarter.

A corner of an open-plan office workspace

These are the principles we hold to when setting a policy that has to survive a genuinely bad quarter.

Size the buffer on outflow

The minimum balance comes from your actual peak weekly outflow and the payment dates that cannot move, not from a round number that happens to feel comfortable.

Plan against the downside case

Runway and covenant headroom are tested on a case where revenue disappoints and collections slow, because a policy built on the plan protects you only if the plan holds.

Count only drawable headroom

Available facility is calculated after borrowing base limits, letters of credit and any blocked amounts, so nobody counts on money the agreement will not actually release.

Agree the triggers in advance

Every trigger level has an owner and a set of actions attached before it is reached, which removes the argument about whether the situation is serious enough to act on.

Talk to lenders early

If forward testing shows a covenant tightening, we prepare the analysis for that conversation months ahead, so you arrive with a proposal rather than an apology.

Policy on one page

The liquidity policy is written to be read by people who are not in finance, because it is only useful if the board and the operating team both understand it.

Proof

What clients say, and what the work has done.

  • 110+ U.S. businesses served
  • 100% client satisfaction
  • 111 services we run

Finalert is an outstanding accounting, financial advisory and analytics company that delivers a wide range of services and solutions with the highest level of professionalism. Their expert team, with whom I have personally worked, possesses exceptional skills that enable customers to meet their financial and accounting needs seamlessly. Their dedication to excellence and customer satisfaction sets them apart, making them a trusted partner in the industry.

Wajdi Al MowafakDirector, Financial Business · Nonprofit
Recent engagement CWS Global Nonprofit & Humanitarian 50% faster month-end close Real-time grant and donor visibility Audit-ready compliance Read the case study

Questions

Common questions.

What finance leaders ask when they are setting a liquidity policy for the first time, or rebuilding one after a quarter that tested it.

How much cash should we actually hold?

There is no universal number. We size it from your own outflow: the peak weekly spend rather than the average, the payroll, tax and debt service dates that cannot move, your seasonal swing, and how concentrated your receivables are. The output is expressed in weeks of cover, so it stays meaningful as the business grows rather than becoming a stale figure.

Is this the same as our cash flow forecast?

No. The forecast projects the balance week by week. The liquidity plan decides what balance you have agreed to hold, how much borrowing capacity you are keeping in reserve, how close your covenants are to their limits, and what you will do at each level of stress. The forecast feeds the monitoring, but the policy is what makes the forecast actionable.

What if a covenant looks tight next year?

Then you want to know now. We model the ratios in your agreements forward against both plan and downside and identify the month where headroom is thinnest. That gives you time to change the operating plan, restructure timing, or approach your lender with a proposal. The worst version of that conversation is the one that starts after a breach has been reported.

Do you talk to our lender for us?

We prepare the analysis, the forecasts and the supporting schedules your lender will ask for, and we will sit in the meeting with your team if that helps. The relationship, the negotiation and anything you agree to stay with your leadership. We do not sign agreements or give legal advice on the terms in front of you.

How often is the policy reviewed?

The monitoring runs on whatever cycle fits your business, usually monthly, and reports balance against trigger levels, drawable headroom and covenant position. The policy itself is reviewed at least annually and whenever something structural changes, such as a new facility, a large capital commitment, an acquisition or a shift in customer concentration.

What does this service not cover?

We do not build your routine thirteen week cash flow forecast here; that sits with our combined cash flow forecasting service and feeds this work. We also do not sign tax filings, issue audit or attest opinions, give legal advice, or act as your accountant of record. The buffer, the triggers and any funding decision stay with your leadership.

About Liquidity Planning

Ready for numbers you can build on?

Talk to a Finalert consultant about your books, your reporting, or the decision you are trying to make.

110+ U.S. businesses served

What happens next

  1. A twenty-minute call An accountant on the line, not a salesperson.
  2. A scope and a price, in writing What the work covers, and what it costs.
  3. Onboarding on your schedule We start when you are ready, not before.

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